Quantum technologies

The future is now

Web special of the cover story of Fraunhofer magazine 4.2019

Welcome to the world of quanta, where nothing seems logical, but everything appears possible. A new era is dawning with quantum technologies helping us to better understand and order our world. Fraunhofer is bringing science to applications.

 

Quantum mechanics is slippery, defying intuitive grasp. Albert Einstein called it “spooky.” He was born in 1879. Yet here it is in the here and now, a ghost knocking at the door of everyday reality. In a rare consensus, experts agree that quantum technology is poised to change the world. Take the field of medicine: Quantum sensors could shed new light on brain functions. Quantum imaging could revolutionize diagnostic procedures. Quantum computers could yield new insights into molecular chemistry to fast-track drug discovery and slash their production costs.

The mind boggles at the potential of applied quantum mechanics. Who knows where this technology will take us? Will we be able to better protect the climate with the means to measure and predict climate change far more accurately? What marvelous products might emerge once we are able to develop and test materials faster and at lower cost? Will gridlocks be but a bygone annoyance once quantum computers send every traveler down the best path? And will quantum technology help create a secure and sovereign digital infrastructure for business and private citizens?

Expectations are high; investments are soaring. The German federal government has earmarked 650 million euros for research into quantum technologies until 2021. And the EU’s Quantum Flagship initiative has a budget of one billion euros for European research over the coming ten years. Fraunhofer and IBM will be bringing the world’s first commercial quantum computer to Europe to serve as an open research platform. They aim to ramp it up in Germany by late 2021. Prof. Reimund Neugebauer, president of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, expects it to give a “decisive boost for German research and companies of all sizes” with “full data sovereignty based on European law.”

Video: The Quantum World

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      Quantum computing

      On September 10, 2019, IBM and the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, Europe’s leading applied research organisation, announced a partnership agreement set to deliver major advances in quantum computing research in Germany. The objective is to boost the development of skills and strategies relating to commercial and application-oriented quantum computing.

       

      Quantum communication

      Digital sovereignty and data security are essential for a well-functioning digital society. Quantum communication takes security to a whole new level. Researchers are currently developing quantum-based cryptographic procedures which will in future make it impossible to eavesdrop on transmitted data.

       

      Quantum imaging

      Quantum imaging will have far-reaching effects in all areas of optics. It will eliminate existing blind spots in fields as diverse as medical imaging and diagnostics, security technology and autonomous mobility.

      Quantum AI

      The race to develop quantum AI

      Quantum computing is expected to be the springboard for a huge leap forward in artificial intelligence (AI). A new interdisciplinary research field called quantum machine learning (QML) has emerged at the intersection of these two key technologies.

       

      Quantum sensors

      Quantum sensors: new opportunities for medical technology

      Photons are one, but not the only, way of taking measure of the quantum world. Electrons are another. A research team at Fraunhofer IAF is using these tiny particles to develop ultra-precise quantum sensors.

       

      Interview with Professor Tünnermann, Fraunhofer IOF

      “Germany is at a very good vantage point”

      One of the leading minds in the field of quantum technologies at Fraunhofer, Prof. Andreas Tünnermann heads up the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF at Jena.

      Fraunhofer lighthouse projects and initiatives on quantum technology

      Fraunhofer lighthouse project

      QMag – Quantum magnetometry

      Fraunhofer’s IAF, IPM and IWM Institutes, all based in Freiburg, are aiming to bring quantum magnetometry out of the research lab to deliver real commercial applications. In close collaboration with the Fraunhofer IMM and IISB Institutes and the Fraunhofer Center for Applied Photonics (CAP), the research team is developing highly integrated imaging quantum magnetometers with extremely high spatial resolution and optimum sensitivity.

      QuNET – Interception-proof quantum communication

      As part of the BMBF-funded QuNET initiative, the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, Max Planck Society and German Aerospace Center will set up a pilot quantum communication network in Germany. This network will allow eavesdropping-proof, tamper-proof data transfer.

       

      Key Strategic Initiative quantum technology

      Welcome to the quantum world

      Welcome to the quantum world

      Welcome to the quantum world

      Quantum physics is not something most of us encounter in our daily lives. Everything we can experience first hand – the big stuff of our macroscopic world – obeys the laws of conventional physics. Sub-atomic particles defy these familiar principles. The laws of quantum physics rule on the atomic scale, where strange things happen. This is a world where elementary particles, atoms or even molecules can behave like particles or like waves. They can even exist in several states at once. Two particles can become entangled, so that one always possesses the complementary information on its twin, irrespective of the latter’s location. This uncertainty about a particle’s actual state goes to the heart of quantum physics. Rather than being in one state or changing between a variety of states, particles exist across several possible states at the same time in what is called a superposition. Nothing is fixed and anything is possible, so we are dealing with probabilities here – or, more precisely, with probability waves. We cannot know the exact position or state of a particle until we observe or measure it, which destroys the quantum state.

      Five sectors destined to be changed by quantum technology

      Medicine and healthcare

      Deeper insights into biological processes, more efficient drug discovery, more powerful diagnostics

      Logistics and transport

      Optimized route planning, more informed decisions about the best locations for logistics centers and the like, better power grid management

      Finance

      Enhanced portfolio management, risk analysis and fraud detection and prediction; secure communications and data transfer for online banking and the like

      Material sciences

      Simulation of unprecedented materials at the molecular level, faster development of materials, more precise testing methods

      IT and security

      More powerful computers for previously unsolvable problems, encrypted communications networks